Definition and Examples of Aspect in English Grammar

In English grammar, aspect is a verb form (or category) that indicates time-related characteristics, such as the completion, duration, or repetition of an action. (Compare and contrast with tense.) When used as an adjective, its  aspectual. The word comes from Latin, meaning how [something] looks The two primary aspects in English are the perfect (sometimes called perfective) and the progressive (also known as the continuous form). As illustrated below, these two aspects may be combined to form the perfect progressive. In English, aspect is expressed by means of particles, separate verbs, and verb phrases. Examples and Observations Perfect AspectThe perfect aspect describes events occurring in the past but linked to a later time, usually the present. The perfect aspect is formed with has, have, or had the past participle. It occurs in two forms:​ Perfect Aspect, Present Tense:History has remembered the kings and warriors, because they destroyed; art has remembered the people, because they created.(William Morris, The Water of the Wondrous Isles, 1897)​ Perfect Aspect, Past Tense:At fifteen life had taught me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969) Progressive AspectThe progressive aspect usually describes an event that takes place during a limited time period. The progressive aspect is made up of a form of be the -ing form of the main verb.​ Progressive Aspect, Present Tense:Shes loyal and is trying to wear her thin flippy hair in cornrows.(Carolyn Ferrell, Proper Library, 1994) Progressive Aspect, Past Tense:I was reading the dictionary. I thought it was a poem about everything. (Steven Wright) The Difference Between Tense and AspectTraditionally . . . both aspects [perfect and progressive] are treated as part of the tense system in English, and mention is made of tenses such as the present progressive (e.g. We are waiting), the present perfect progressive (e.g. We have been waiting), and the past perfect progressive (e.g. We had been waiting), with the latter two combining two aspects. There is a distinction to be made, however, between tense and aspect. Tense is concerned with how time is encoded in the grammar of English, and is often based on morphological form (e.g. write, writes, wrote); aspect is concerned with the unfolding of a situation, and in English is a matter of syntax, using the verb be to form the progressive, and the verb have to form the perfect. For this reason combinations like those above are nowadays referred to as constructions (e.g. the progressive construction, the present perfect progressive construction). (Bas Aarts, Sylvia Chalker, and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2014) present perfect progressive: God knows how long Ive been doing it. Have I been talking out loud? past perfect progressive: He had been keeping it in a safety deposit box at the Bank of America. For months she had been waiting for that particular corner location. Present Perfect Progressive and Past Perfect ProgressiveThe perfect aspect most often describes events or states taking place during a preceding time. The progressive aspect describes an event or state of affairs in progress or continuing. Perfect and progressive aspect can be combined with either present or past tense...Verb phrases can be marked for both aspects (perfect and progressive) at the same time: The perfect progressive aspect is rare, occurring usually in the past tense in fiction. It combines the meaning of the perfect and the progressive, referring to a past situation or activity that was in progress for a period of time. (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman, 2002)

Social, Political, And Economic Institutions During The...

1. Discuss social, political, and economic institutions in play during the civil rights movement. In America, the civil rights movement has become one of the most well-known social movements in the world today. African Americans strived for full civil rights and better equality, and refused to quit fighting until their wishes were granted. The blacks protested the white supremacy in every way possible, from strikes to legal challenges in the court systems. The civil rights movement affected the everyday life of these citizens who should have had all of the same rights as the white men and women who brought about these movements. Many public places targeted African Americans and would fight until the police would arrest and haul them off to†¦show more content†¦In politics, civil rights leaders sought to effectively mobilize black voters and also oppose the gerrymandering of political districts that decreased the power of the black vote. (Tuck, 2004) The Congress of Racial Equality used a nonviolent and direct-action approach to politics, endorsing Freedom Rides to challe nge segregated transportation and sit-ins in the south to protest discrimination. (Baldwin, 2011) In revolt to the discrimination within the public transportation systems, the black church and social groups organized a one-day boycott in where all black would avoid using busses and public transportation to show the disapproval of actions and hatred being taken towards them all because of their color. Situations grew to be extremely violent against the blacks, leading to protesting in the streets, but they too refused to back down. Continuing to present acts of nonviolence, the African Americans were demonstrating their desire to overcome the struggles and prove that they were not as harsh as everyone was making them out to be. They believed that actions spoke louder than words, and by acting violently they would only be proving to people across the nation that this is in fact why they were segregated from everyone else in the first place. This

The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 17th century, during the Elizabethan era Essay Example For Students

The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 17th century, during the Elizabethan era Essay The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 17th century, during the Elizabethan era. In this time period, women were expected to marry at a young age and have children to carry on the family name; this was to be their only role in life. Women were not believed to be rational and intelligent human beings. For centuries, women have been imprisoned within this box, constricted and restrained by the male view of what womens role in life is. They are mothers, daughters, girlfriends, and wives but never philosophers, business people, investors, owners, doctors or lawyers; they were thought to not be capable in such occupations. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses this age-old idea and because of that the role of women is minimized to that of a mother, daughter, and wife. However, Shakespeare does cast a very sexual light on the role of women within this play. The female characters within the play Hamlet play a very minimal role and only serve to further develop the character s of the men within the play. Gertrude is both a mother and a wife within this play and she helps to motivate Hamlet further in gaining his revenge on Claudius. Hamlet states: And yet, within a month à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / Let me not think on it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Frailty, thy name is woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / A little month, or ere those shoes were old/ With which she followed my poor fathers body, / Like Niobe, all tears à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" why she, even she à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Would have mourned longer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" married with my uncle, / à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Within a month, / Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears / Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, / She married. I.ii.ll 147-158. Hamlet speaks of Gertrudes sudden marriage to Claudius after the death of Old Hamlet. In the second line of the above quote, Hamlet uses the world frail to describe women, meaning that women are weak and not in control of their emotions. Shakespeare also does nothing to develop Gertrudes character any further; we learn very little about her thoughts and feelings towards Old Hamlet, her marriage to his brother, and even Claudius himself. Ophelia also serves to motivate Laertes to further his revenge against Hamlet. By heaven, thy madness shall be paid by weight/ Till our scale turn the beam IV.v.ll 167-168. Yet, neither of these women were the original motivation; they only served to further motivate both Hamlet and Laertes. Both Ophelia and Gertrude are portrayed as weak females with virtually no independence. An example of this is Ophelia obeying her father when he commands her to stop seeing Hamlet. I shall obey, my lord I.i.ll 141. As a daughter, she immediately surrenders to her father and brothers will. Ophelia is further characterized as weak when she goes insane. When compared to Hamlet, we see that Hamlet managed to overcome his fathers death and plot revenge on his fathers murderer. Ophelia, on the  other hand, succumbs to the distress and shock and goes insane instead. This is saying that men are strong and dont let their emotions overcome them, unlike women. Even Gertrude moves instinctively towards the safer choices given to her. An example of this is when she seeks out Claudius right after her confrontation with Hamlet. Bestow this place on us a little while. Ah, my good lord, what have I seen to-night! IV.i.ll 4-5. She does not stop to even think about her situation or what has happened. Gertrude is completely reliant on the men in her life and only seems to be able to think for herself in social situations. .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .postImageUrl , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:hover , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:visited , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:active { border:0!important; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:active , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare make the Balcony Scene and the Death Scene in Romeo Juliet Dramatically Effective? EssayGertrude states: Good gentlemen, he hath much talked of you, / And sure I am, two men there are not living / To whom he more adheres. If it will please you/ To show us so much gentry and good will/ As to expend your time with us awhile, / For the supply and profit of our hope, / Your visitation shall receive such thanks/ As fits a kings remembrance. II.ii.ll 19-26. Gertrude is in control of herself here and doesnt, at any point, look to Claudius for assistance as she normally does. The one time that Gertrude does try and show some independence is when she drinks from the poisoned cup. I will, my lord, I pray you, pardon me V.ii.ll 302. The message being given here is that without the guidance of men, women cannot function because if Gertrude had listened to Claudius, she would not have drank and survived. Throughout the entire play Hamlet, both Ophelia and Gertrude were controlled by the men in their lives; they are not in control of their surrounding at any time. Ophelias immediate obedience to Polonius when he orders to stop seeing Hamlet is an example of this. I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth, / Have you so slander any moment leisure, / As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. / Look to it, I charge you. Come your ways I.iii.ll 137-140. Polonius tells Ophelia what she has to do and doesnt allow her to think for herself. Each action that is done by either woman is the result of an earlier action done by one of the male characters. Ophelia goes crazy and then dies because of Polonius death and Hamlets rejection of her. O, this is the poison of deep grief. It springs/ all from her fathers death IV.v.ll 74-75. Another example is when Polonius plans to use Ophelia as bait to figure out the cause of Hamlets madness; he is controlling what she does and says here. At such a time Ill loose my daughter to him, / Be you and I behind an arras then, / mark the encounter II.ii.ll 175-177. Ophelia, walk you here. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Gracious, so please you, / Well bestow ourselves. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / Read on this book, / That show of  such an exercise may colour/ Your loneliness III.i.ll 48-52. They are completely dominated by the male figures in their lives. The role of women in Hamlet is also very sexually oriented. There are many references to prostitutes, sexual favors, incest and sex itself. There are also many comparisons between objects and emotions to sexual objects or people. An example of this is when Claudius compares the guilt he is feeling to a prostitute. How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience! / The harlots cheek, beautied with plastering art, / Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it/ Than is my deed to my most painted word III.i.ll 57-60. Each negative feeling or emotion, such as guilt, is compared to women, as if they are somehow similar. In Hamlets confrontation with Ophelia, he tells her many times to go to a brothel where she belongs, as she acts much like a whore does. Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a/ breeder of sinners? III.i.ll 131-132. Hamlet also speaks of womens attitude and how they pretend to be innocent and beautiful but are really not. Hamlet states: I have heard of your paintings too, well enough. / God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves/ another. You jig and amble, and you lisp, and nick-/ name Gods creatures, and make your wantonness/ your ignorance. Go to, Ill no more on it. It hath made/ me mad. I say, we will have no more marriages. Those/ that are married already, all but one, shall live. The rest/ shall keep as they are. To a nunnery, go. .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .postImageUrl , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:hover , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:visited , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:active { border:0!important; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:active , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To what extent is Act III Scene ii pivotal to Hamlet? Essay PaperIII.I.ll 154-161. During the play performed by the Players, Hamlet speaks to Ophelia with heavy sexual connotations behind his words. Do you think I meant country matters? III.ii.l 115. Thats a fair thought to lie between maids legs III.ii.l 117. Ophelia is a noblewoman and yet, she is subject to embarrassing conversations that a servant woman would normally endure. This is saying that all women are alike and they have no class distinctions between them as men do. Even when Hamlet speaks with Gertrude in her room, he makes many references to her incestuous bed. Nay, but to live/ In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, / Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love/ Over the nasty sty! III.iv.ll 102-105. Women are subject to whatever faults men place on them instead of themselves. Within the play Hamlet, the role of women is very negative; they are sexual objects, weak, and not independent. Shakespeare has used a model of the women of his time and put them into this play, Hamlet. Though time has passed and views have changed on women, Hamlet remains the same, stuck in the 17th century. The role of women in Hamlet remains very minimal and only serves to further enhance and characterize the male characters within the play.